Avian Technologies LLC
P.O. Box 716
Sunapee, NH 03782-0716
603-526-2420 (office)
603-526-2729 (fax)
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Avian Products


Physical Standards
  Reflectance Standards
  Transmittance Standards
  Whiteness Standards
  Fluorescence Standards
  Reflectance Standards Kits
  Accessories
  Ceramic Transfer Tiles
  Remote Sensing Targets

Materials & Coatings
  Fluorilon-99W™
  High Reflectance
      Diffuse Coatings

  IR Gold Coatings & Materials
  Diffuse Black Coatings
      & Materials

  Our Coating Facility

Integrating Spheres
  Standard Spheres
  Custom Spheres
  Sphere Components

Measurement Services
  Standard Measurements
  Fluorescence
  Diffuse and Regular
      Reflectance

  Goniospectrophotometric
      Reflectance

  Transmittance

Related Organizations

Murakami Products
Zehntner Products
Avian Rochester, LLC

 

Reflectance Standards


Avian Technologies is not responsible for typographical errors in these descriptions.
Please contact us for a quotation for any of our products.

Fluorilon-99W


Hemispherical reflectance
Fluorilon-99W is a sintered PTFE material with the highest diffuse reflectance of any known material. Produced by an entirely new process compared to previously produced sintered PTFE products, Fluorilon-99™ offers the following properties:

  • Total hemispherical reflectance of 99% in the 400-800 nm region
  • Reflectance of >97% over most of UV-Vis-NIR region (300-2200 nm)
  • Reflectance of >92% from 250-2500 nm
  • Durable and cleanable
Standards are available as 1.25" (32 mm) or 2" (50.8 mm) diameter pucks, with a Delrin™ (trademarked Dupont throughout) holder with protective cover. Larger targets (up to 12"/300 mm square in single piece, up to 48" square/ 1200 mm) as arrays are also available.
 

FT2186: Fluorilon FW-99-02
Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function
(BRDF) VS. Detector Angle (th_r)
Wavelength=0.799 µm, incident angle 10°

Excel file with the above data
Part numbers for Fluorilon reflectance standards
Part #
Description
FW99-01C
FW99-01U
1.25" White Fluorilon (round)
FW99-02C
FW99-02U
2" White Fluorilon (round)
FWT99-02C
FWT99-02U
2" x 2" White Fluorilon
Cupped in Delrin holder
FWT99-04C
FWT99-04U
4" x 4" White Fluorilon
Cupped in Delrin holder
with ¼-20 mount
FWT99-05C
FWT99-05U
5" x 5" White Fluorilon
Cupped in Delrin holder
with ¼-20 mount
FWT99-06C
FWT99-06C
6"x6" White Fluorilon
Cupped in Delrin holder
with ¼-20 mount
FWT99-10C
FWT99-10U
10"x 10" White Fluorilon
Cupped in Aluminum holder with ¼-20 mount
FWT99-12C
FWT99-12U
12" x 12"White Fluorilon
Cupped in Aluminum holder with ¼-20 mount

† C indicates calibrated standard, traceable to NRC. U indicates uncalibrated, nominal data are available.

Fluorilon-99W is available in bulk in sizes up to 12" square and up to 2" thick.
Price is dependent on size and quantity.



Avian Gold Standards and Targets


Hemispherical reflectance
Diffuse gold is an excellent standard for wavelengths from above 850 nm. to >15µ. Avian Technologies AvianGold offers high diffuse reflectance of > 90% from 1000 nm to well into the mid-infrared.
Standards and targets are available both calibrated and uncalibrated, ranging from 2” diameter or square to 10” square. Custom sizes are available upon request. All square targets are mounted in an anodized aluminum holder with a ¼-20 mount.
Part # Description
RTAu-02C
RTAu-02U
2” Square Diffuse Gold target
RSAu-02C
RSAu-02U
2” Diameter Diffuse Gold Standard in Delrin holder
RTAu-06C
RTAu-06U
6” Square Diffuse Gold target
RTAu-10C
RTAu-10U
10” Square Diffuse Gold target
‡C indicates calibrated 800-2500 nm. U indicates uncalibrated. (Nominal data are available).
Calibration from 2-20µm is available for an additional charge



Russian Opal Glass

Useful as a durable white standard in the visible-near infrared, Russian Opal Glass MC-20 is primarily used in its glossy form. The glossy Russian opal is easily cleaned and quite stable. Russian Opal is the preferred standard for direction/ directional geometry such as 0/45 or for multi-angle spectroscopy. It is also useful as a standard for hemispherical measurements.

Custom sizes are available by special order.
Part # Description
ROG-02C 2" Russian Opal, in holder, boxed. Calibrated from 350-830 nm
ROG-02U 2" Russian Opal, in holder, boxed. Uncalibrated



Matte Russian Opal Glass

Hemispherical reflectance In conjunction with our partners in Scandinavia, Mitaten Finland Ab, Avian Technologies has developed a new, highly matte Russian Opal Glass standard. The standard has gloss levels of <0.2 units at 60°.   The material also offers excellent reflectance properties far into the NIR. This standard has found great usage in the paper industry in Europe.

We currently offer the standard in round and square configuration. Both will be mounted in a Delrin holder with cover.
Part # Description
MROG-02C 50 mm Matte Russian Opal, boxed, calibrated 360-830 nm
MROG-02U 50 mm Matte Russian Opal, boxed, uncalibrated



Gray Scale Standards

Hemispherical reflectance Gray scale standards are essential for establishing the photometric linearity of a reflectance spectrometer. These are used in the same way neutral density filters are used in transmittance instruments. Avian Technologies Fluorilon(TM) Gray Scale standards allow the user to calibrate an instrument over a 2 decade range of reflectance, which is well over the typical range seen by a reflectance instrument. The materials are highly diffuse and therefore have little angular dependence and almost no gloss, which means that specular included and excluded geometries should show little difference in reflectance values.

The standard sets consist of four standards of nominal reflectance (at 600nm) of 2%, 10%, 50%, and 99% reflectance. The standards are cupped in a Delrin holder with cap. The sets are presented in a waterproof plastic box.

Part # Description
FSS-04-01 1.25" Fluorilon Gray Scale Reflectance Standard Set
Calibrated, Traceable to NRC, Boxed
FSS-04-02 2.0" Fluorilon Gray Scale Reflectance Standard Set
Calibrated, Traceable to NRC, Boxed
FSS-08-01 1.25" Fluorilon Expanded Gray Scale Set of 8 stds.
Nominal Reflectances: 2%,5%,10%,20%,40%,60%, 80%,99%)
All have tolerances of ±2% at 600nm except the 2%, and 99%, which have ±1%.
FSS-08-02 2.0" Fluorilon Expanded Gray Scale Set of 8 stds.
Nominal Reflectances: 2%,5%,10%,20%,40%,60%, 80%,99%)
All have tolerances of ±2% at 600nm except the 2%, and 99%, which have ±1%.

Individual Standards
FGS-XX-01 1.25" Fluorilon Gray Standard, Calibrated traceable
to NRC, (xx designates nominal reflectance at 600nm)
FGS-XX-02 2.0" Fluorilon Gray Standard, Calibrated traceable
to NRC, (xx designates nominal reflectance at 600nm)

Gray scale standards are also available uncalibrated.



‘Encapsulated’ Grey Scale and Wavelength Standards to meet USP 1119

Avian Technologies is introducing new ‘encapsulated’ grey scale and wavelength standards to meet USP 1119. The standards are identical to the Fluorilon FSS-08-02c kit except the Fluorilon is encased in a Delrin™ holder with a 2” diameter BK-7 window. The overall size of the standard is 2.400” diameter (61 mm) and 0.620” thick (15.88 mm). The size of both the grey scale and wavelength standards is identical to enable fixturing for most instruments designed to measure pharmaceutical on-line processes.

The wavelength standard has the same components as the National Institute of Technology’s SRM-1920a, with a small amount of an inert, spectrally non-absorbing binder. Unlike sintered equivalents of SRM-1920a, this standard exhibits no peak shifting and is both durable and stable.

Both grey scale and wavelength standard have a small, re-sealable port in the top to allow for conditioning of the standard in a controlled humidity environment.
Part # Description
EN-FSS-04-02c Set of four grey scale standards, cells with BK-7 window, nominal 8°/hemispherical reflectance of 2%, 10%, 40%, and 99%, calibrated from 400-2400 nm, traceable to NIST/NRC.
EN-FSS-08-02c Set of eight grey scale standards, cells with BK-7 window, nominal 8°/hemispherical reflectance of 2%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 99%, calibrated from 400-2400 nm, traceable to NIST/NRC.

EN-FSS-08-02c kit comes in a waterproof plastic box to hold eight standards. EWC-P1920a-02c comes in an individual wooden box.



CERAM Gray Scale Tile Set



Hemispherical reflectance
In some cases, especially where durability and frequent cleaning are necessary or organic fumes or grease are present, ceramic tile standards provide a better choice than matte standards. In addition, these targets are more suited to small spot measurements or at 0:45 geometry, where the specular component is automatically excluded.

The standard set consists of nine standards (white, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 33%, 8%, 4.5% black, and a black glass) in Delrin holders with a 1" mounting counter bore in the back of the standard. The standards are presented in a waterproof plastic box. Note all reflectance percentages are nominal.

Representative measured data, along with D65/2° L*a*b* and x, y, Y values can be downloaded from this spreadsheet (these are bidirectional radiance factor).

Part # Description
BCRA-GS9-02c Ceramic tile grey scale set (calibrated at 8°/hemispherical)
BCRA-GS9-02c450 Ceramic tile grey scale set (calibrated at 45c:0 bidirectional)
BCRA-GS9-02u Ceramic tile grey scale set (uncalibrated)


BCRA black and white ceramic tile individual standards


These standards are the same as described above, available individually.
Part # Description
BCRA-WT-02C BCRA White tile, 2" square, boxed, calibrated 8°/hemispherical
BCRA-WT-02U BCRA White tile, 2" square, boxed, uncalibrated
BCRA-BK-02C BCRA Black tile, 2" square, boxed, calibrated 8°/hemispherical
BCRA-WT-02U BCRA White tile, 2" square, boxed, uncalibrated
Above individual standards are also available with 45c:0 bidirectional radiance factor calibraration. Specifiy BCRA-XX-C450



Color Standards

CERAM Color Standards

CERAM Research Ceramics Standards, also known as BCRA Series II tiles, are the popular standards for color in the US and abroad. These standards can be used to calibrate color spectrophotometers in both hemispherical and directional/directional geometry. Avian Technologies BCRA sets consist of fourteen 2" tiles (the standard BCRA set plus a black and a white tile), mounted and sealed to prevent effects of humidity. Standards come in a plastic box.

For an in-depth analysis of CERAM tiles, refer to "The BCRA-NPL Ceramic Color Standards Series II- Master Spectral Reflectance and Thermochromism Data", F. Malkin, J. Larkin, J. Verrill, and R. Wardman, JSDC 84, 84-94 (1997).

These standards are available calibrated with 8°/hemispherical and/or 45:0c bidirectional geometries. Representative data, along with D65/2° L*a*b* and XYZ values can be downloaded for these measurement geometries: 45/0, SCI, SCE.

 
Part #
Description
BCRA-14-02c8H BCRA set with extra black and white tiles
Calibrated for reflectance @ 8° hemispherical geometry, 360-830 nm
BCRA-14-02c450 BCRA set with extra black and white tiles
Calibrated for reflectance @ 45:0c bidirectional geometry, 380-720 nm
BCRA-14-02u BCRA set with extra black and white tiles
Uncalibrated

Individual Color Standards

If you wish to assure an instrument stays within calibration but do not have the time it takes to run a full set of CERAM standards, it is suggested that a single time with some spectral structure be used**. We have found that the best tile within the BCRA Series II set is the cyan tile. We offer this tile either calibrated or uncalibrated, made to the same specifications as the set described above. The tile is sealed in a Delrin holder and comes shipped in hinged a plastic box.
Part # Description
BCRA-Cy-C Cyan BCRA Tile, Boxed Calibrated for
reflectance @ 8° hemispherical Geometry, 360-830 nm
BCRA-Cy-U Cyan BCRA Tile, Boxed, uncalibrated
Cyan tile are also available with 45c:0 bidirectional radiance factor calibraration. Specifiy BCRA-Cy-C450
** "An Abridged Technique to Diagnose Spectrophotometric Errors" R. Berns and L. Reniff, Color Research and Application, 22, #1, 51-60 (1997)

 


Avian Ceramic Color Standards

Avian Technologies, in partnership with Mt. Baker Research, has developed a complete line of ceramic color transfer standards. These tiles are more fully described here, or download this PDF for a complete description, including spectral reflectance data. Mt. Baker Research has performed other analyses, including a detailed gamut analysis comparing our new tiles with the Ceram series and a few other color standards.


Basic Colors

Grey Scale and Pastel Colors

Special Colors

The chart at right shows the color distribution (CIELAB b* vs a*) of the three Avian tiles sets in comparison to the chromatic BCRA tiles. Many of the Avian tiles extend the available gamut of colors. Also note that the additional tiles span the gamut very well.

In general, t
his more complete coverage of color space should improve results for many applications such device profiling and instrument characterization and evaluation.



Click on any of the charts for a larger image.


Basic Set, chromatic tiles

Basic Set, neutral tiles


Grayscale & Pastel Set, chromatic tiles

Grayscale & Pastel Set, neutral tiles


Special Set tiles S-1 to S-8

Special Set tiles S-9 to S-16

Part #
Description
ATBC16-c8H (basic)
ATGP16-c8H (grayscale)
ATSC16-c8H (special)
Selected tile set calibrated for reflectance @ 8° hemispherical geometry, 360-830 nm
ATBC16-c450 (basic)
ATGP16-c450 (grayscale)
ATSC16-c450 (special)
Selected tile set calibrated for reflectance @ 45:0c bidirectional geometry, 380-720 nm
ATBC16-u (basic)
ATGP16-u (grayscale)
ATSC16-u (special)
Selected tile set
Uncalibrated

Black Glass Standards

Highly polished black glass is useful as a standard for gloss, low reflectance in directional/directional geometry, and also establishing the efficiency of the 'sphere zero' in specular excluded geometry using an integrating sphere. The black glass standard is mounted in a Delrin Holder with cover to protect the optical surface. The standards come calibrated for total hemispherical reflectance in 8°/hemispherical geometry from 350-850 nm

Part #
Description
BG-02C 2.0" Black Glass Standard
Calibrated 360-830 nm 8°/hemi. Geometry
BG-02U 2.0" Black Glass Standard
Uncalibrated

Reflectance Wavelength Calibration Standards

Rare Earth Oxide Standards

Designed for the calibration of UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometers, wavelength calibration standards display sharp absorbance peaks over much of the UV-Vis-NIR spectral range. The mixture of REO's are chosen to give the best coverage over the wavelength range of interest. Both UV-Vis and Vis-NIR standards are available in custom sizes and configurations. Please contact Avian Technologies for pricing information.

UV-Vis Calibration Standards

A mixture of holmium and erbium oxides in an inert, durable, spectrally neutral matrix, Avian Technologies Wavelength Calibration Standards are traceable to the National Research Council Canada (NRC) and NIST. Available in 1.25" (37mm) and 2.0" (50.8mm) diameter sizes, these standards (calibrated from 250-850 nm) are ideal for the calibration of UV-Vis spectrophotometers.

Standards come in a Delrin holder with cover.

Part #
Description
WC-FW-UVVIS-01 1.25" diameter
WC-FW-UVVIS-02 2.0" diameter

Near Infrared Calibration Standards

A mixture of dysprosium, holmium, and erbium oxides in an inert, durable, spectrally neutral matrix, Avian Technologies Wavelength Calibration Standards are traceable to the National Research Council Canada and NIST. Available in 1.25" (37 mm) and 2" (50.8") diameter sizes. These standards are ideal for calibration of Vis-NIR spectrophotometers. Standards come in a Delrin(TM) holder with cover.

Part #
Description
WC-FW-VisNIR-01 1.25" diameter
WC-FW-VisNIR-02 2.0" diameter

Packed Powder Wavelength Calibration Standard

Part # Description

WC-PP-1920a-01

WC-PP-1920a-02

Identical to NIST SRM-1920a, this standard is a mixture of highly purified holmium oxide, dysprosium oxide, and erbium oxide in a hermetically sealed black anodized aluminum holder in either 1" (25mm) or 1.5" (37 mm) optical glass window. The standards are made in large batches and each batch is calibrated traceable to National Research Council Canada (NRC).
EWC-P1920a-02cEWC-P1920a-02c compliments the encapsulated grey scale standards shown above. The wavelength standard has the same components as the National Institute of Technology’s SRM-1920a, with a small amount of an inert, spectrally non-absorbing binder. Unlike sintered equivalents of SRM-1920a, this standard exhibits no peak shifting and is both durable and stable. The spectral features are the same as WC-PP-1920a
WCR-2066-025C (Calibrated)
WCR-2066-025U (Uncalibrated)
The reflectance version of the transmittance wavelength calibration standard, designated WCR-2066, is the equivalent of NIST SRM-206. The standard is ideal for calibration of the wavelength scale of both scanning and Fourier transform near-infrared spectrometers used in the reflectance configuration. The standard consists of a 1.0” diameter WCT-2065 filter backed with Avian Technologies Fluorilon™ FW-99 diffuse reflectance material, in a black anodized aluminum holder designed to fit most spectrometers. This standard is useable in the 320-2200 nm range.

For detailed information on SRM-1920a, please see NIST Special Publication SP-250-48 (Spectral Reflectance).


Specular Standards

Avian Technologies offers first surface specular standards with calibrations traceable to NRC. The mirrors are first surface aluminum with a magnesium fluoride overcoat that have been aged to enhance their long term stability. Theses standards come in a protective holder and are available in either 2" (50.8 mm) square or 2" (50.8 mm) diameter sizes. Calibrations are at near-normal (8°) geometry.
Part # Description
SPFS-02S 2" (50.8mm) square first surface aluminum mirror on glass, Calibrated traceable to NRC, 250-2500 nm
SPFS-01d 1” diameter first surface aluminum mirror in holder, calibrated traceable to NRC, 250-2500 nm

© 2012
Avian Technologies LLC
all rights reserved.
Avian Technologies LLC
P.O. Box 716, Sunapee, NH 03782-0716
603-526-2420/603-526-2729 (fax)