• Fluorilon-99W(TM)
• Avian Gold Standards and Targets
• Russian Opal Glass
• Matte Russian Opal Glass
• Gray Scale Standards
• Reflectance Wavelength Calibration Standards
• CERAM Color Standards
• Avian Ceramic Color Standards
• Black Glass Standards
• Specular Standards

Fluorilon-99W
Hemispherical reflectance	Fluorilon-99W is a sintered PTFE material with the highest diffuse reflectance of any known material. Produced by an entirely new process compared to previously produced sintered PTFE products, Fluorilon-99™ offers the following properties: Total hemispherical reflectance of 99% in the 400-800 nm region Reflectance of >97% over most of UV-Vis-NIR region (300-2200 nm) Reflectance of >92% from 250-2500 nm Durable and cleanable Standards are available as 1.25" (32 mm) or 2" (50.8 mm) diameter pucks, with a Delrin™ (trademarked Dupont throughout) holder with protective cover. Larger targets (up to 12"/300 mm square in single piece, up to 48" square/ 1200 mm) as arrays are also available.
FT2186: Fluorilon FW-99-02 Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) VS. Detector Angle (th_r) Wavelength=0.799 µm, incident angle 10° Excel file with the above data	Part numbers† for Fluorilon reflectance standards Part # Description FW99-01C FW99-01U 1.25" White Fluorilon (round) FW99-02C FW99-02U 2" White Fluorilon (round) FWT99-02C FWT99-02U 2" x 2" White Fluorilon Cupped in Delrin holder FWT99-04C FWT99-04U 4" x 4" White Fluorilon Cupped in Delrin holder with ¼-20 mount FWT99-05C FWT99-05U 5" x 5" White Fluorilon Cupped in Delrin holder with ¼-20 mount FWT99-06C FWT99-06C 6"x6" White Fluorilon Cupped in Delrin holder with ¼-20 mount FWT99-10C FWT99-10U 10"x 10" White Fluorilon Cupped in Aluminum holder with ¼-20 mount FWT99-12C FWT99-12U 12" x 12"White Fluorilon Cupped in Aluminum holder with ¼-20 mount † C indicates calibrated standard, traceable to NRC. U indicates uncalibrated, nominal data are available.
Fluorilon-99W is available in bulk in sizes up to 12" square and up to 2" thick. Price is dependent on size and quantity.
Avian Gold Standards and Targets
Hemispherical reflectance	Diffuse gold is an excellent standard for wavelengths from above 850 nm. to >15µ. Avian Technologies AvianGold offers high diffuse reflectance of > 90% from 1000 nm to well into the mid-infrared. Standards and targets are available both calibrated‡ and uncalibrated, ranging from 2” diameter or square to 10” square. Custom sizes are available upon request. All square targets are mounted in an anodized aluminum holder with a ¼-20 mount. Part # Description‡ RTAu-02C RTAu-02U 2” Square Diffuse Gold target RSAu-02C RSAu-02U 2” Diameter Diffuse Gold Standard in Delrin holder RTAu-06C RTAu-06U 6” Square Diffuse Gold target RTAu-10C RTAu-10U 10” Square Diffuse Gold target
‡C indicates calibrated 800-2500 nm. U indicates uncalibrated. (Nominal data are available). Calibration from 2-20µm is available for an additional charge
Russian Opal Glass
	Useful as a durable white standard in the visible-near infrared, Russian Opal Glass MC-20 is primarily used in its glossy form. The glossy Russian opal is easily cleaned and quite stable. Russian Opal is the preferred standard for direction/ directional geometry such as 0/45 or for multi-angle spectroscopy. It is also useful as a standard for hemispherical measurements. Custom sizes are available by special order. Part # Description ROG-02C 2" Russian Opal, in holder, boxed. Calibrated from 350-830 nm ROG-02U 2" Russian Opal, in holder, boxed. Uncalibrated
Matte Russian Opal Glass
Hemispherical reflectance	In conjunction with our partners in Scandinavia, Mitaten Finland Ab, Avian Technologies has developed a new, highly matte Russian Opal Glass standard. The standard has gloss levels of <0.2 units at 60°.   The material also offers excellent reflectance properties far into the NIR. This standard has found great usage in the paper industry in Europe. We currently offer the standard in round and square configuration. Both will be mounted in a Delrin holder with cover. Part # Description MROG-02C 50 mm Matte Russian Opal, boxed, calibrated 360-830 nm MROG-02U 50 mm Matte Russian Opal, boxed, uncalibrated
Gray Scale Standards
Hemispherical reflectance	Gray scale standards are essential for establishing the photometric linearity of a reflectance spectrometer. These are used in the same way neutral density filters are used in transmittance instruments. Avian Technologies Fluorilon(TM) Gray Scale standards allow the user to calibrate an instrument over a 2 decade range of reflectance, which is well over the typical range seen by a reflectance instrument. The materials are highly diffuse and therefore have little angular dependence and almost no gloss, which means that specular included and excluded geometries should show little difference in reflectance values. The standard sets consist of four standards of nominal reflectance (at 600nm) of 2%, 10%, 50%, and 99% reflectance. The standards are cupped in a Delrin holder with cap. The sets are presented in a waterproof plastic box.
Part # Description FSS-04-01 1.25" Fluorilon Gray Scale Reflectance Standard Set Calibrated, Traceable to NRC, Boxed FSS-04-02 2.0" Fluorilon Gray Scale Reflectance Standard Set Calibrated, Traceable to NRC, Boxed FSS-08-01 1.25" Fluorilon Expanded Gray Scale Set of 8 stds. Nominal Reflectances: 2%,5%,10%,20%,40%,60%, 80%,99%) All have tolerances of ±2% at 600nm except the 2%, and 99%, which have ±1%. FSS-08-02 2.0" Fluorilon Expanded Gray Scale Set of 8 stds. Nominal Reflectances: 2%,5%,10%,20%,40%,60%, 80%,99%) All have tolerances of ±2% at 600nm except the 2%, and 99%, which have ±1%. Individual Standards FGS-XX-01 1.25" Fluorilon Gray Standard, Calibrated traceable to NRC, (xx designates nominal reflectance at 600nm) FGS-XX-02 2.0" Fluorilon Gray Standard, Calibrated traceable to NRC, (xx designates nominal reflectance at 600nm) Gray scale standards are also available uncalibrated.
‘Encapsulated’ Grey Scale and Wavelength Standards to meet USP 1119 Avian Technologies is introducing new ‘encapsulated’ grey scale and wavelength standards to meet USP 1119. The standards are identical to the Fluorilon FSS-08-02c kit except the Fluorilon is encased in a Delrin™ holder with a 2” diameter BK-7 window. The overall size of the standard is 2.400” diameter (61 mm) and 0.620” thick (15.88 mm). The size of both the grey scale and wavelength standards is identical to enable fixturing for most instruments designed to measure pharmaceutical on-line processes. The wavelength standard has the same components as the National Institute of Technology’s SRM-1920a, with a small amount of an inert, spectrally non-absorbing binder. Unlike sintered equivalents of SRM-1920a, this standard exhibits no peak shifting and is both durable and stable. Both grey scale and wavelength standard have a small, re-sealable port in the top to allow for conditioning of the standard in a controlled humidity environment.	Part # Description EN-FSS-04-02c Set of four grey scale standards, cells with BK-7 window, nominal 8°/hemispherical reflectance of 2%, 10%, 40%, and 99%, calibrated from 400-2400 nm, traceable to NIST/NRC. EN-FSS-08-02c Set of eight grey scale standards, cells with BK-7 window, nominal 8°/hemispherical reflectance of 2%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 99%, calibrated from 400-2400 nm, traceable to NIST/NRC. EN-FSS-08-02c kit comes in a waterproof plastic box to hold eight standards. EWC-P1920a-02c comes in an individual wooden box.
CERAM Gray Scale Tile Set
Hemispherical reflectance	In some cases, especially where durability and frequent cleaning are necessary or organic fumes or grease are present, ceramic tile standards provide a better choice than matte standards. In addition, these targets are more suited to small spot measurements or at 0:45 geometry, where the specular component is automatically excluded. The standard set consists of nine standards (white, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 33%, 8%, 4.5% black, and a black glass) in Delrin holders with a 1" mounting counter bore in the back of the standard. The standards are presented in a waterproof plastic box. Note all reflectance percentages are nominal. Representative measured data, along with D65/2° L*a*b* and x, y, Y values can be downloaded from this spreadsheet (these are bidirectional radiance factor). Part # Description BCRA-GS9-02c Ceramic tile grey scale set (calibrated at 8°/hemispherical) BCRA-GS9-02c450 Ceramic tile grey scale set (calibrated at 45c:0 bidirectional) BCRA-GS9-02u Ceramic tile grey scale set (uncalibrated)
BCRA black and white ceramic tile individual standards
These standards are the same as described above, available individually. Part # Description BCRA-WT-02C BCRA White tile, 2" square, boxed, calibrated 8°/hemispherical BCRA-WT-02U BCRA White tile, 2" square, boxed, uncalibrated BCRA-BK-02C BCRA Black tile, 2" square, boxed, calibrated 8°/hemispherical BCRA-WT-02U BCRA White tile, 2" square, boxed, uncalibrated Above individual standards are also available with 45c:0 bidirectional radiance factor calibraration. Specifiy BCRA-XX-C450
Color Standards
CERAM Color Standards
	CERAM Research Ceramics Standards, also known as BCRA Series II tiles, are the popular standards for color in the US and abroad. These standards can be used to calibrate color spectrophotometers in both hemispherical and directional/directional geometry. Avian Technologies BCRA sets consist of fourteen 2" tiles (the standard BCRA set plus a black and a white tile), mounted and sealed to prevent effects of humidity. Standards come in a plastic box. For an in-depth analysis of CERAM tiles, refer to "The BCRA-NPL Ceramic Color Standards Series II- Master Spectral Reflectance and Thermochromism Data", F. Malkin, J. Larkin, J. Verrill, and R. Wardman, JSDC 84, 84-94 (1997). These standards are available calibrated with 8°/hemispherical and/or 45:0c bidirectional geometries. Representative data, along with D65/2° L*a*b* and XYZ values can be downloaded for these measurement geometries: 45/0, SCI, SCE.
Part # Description BCRA-14-02c8H BCRA set with extra black and white tiles Calibrated for reflectance @ 8° hemispherical geometry, 360-830 nm BCRA-14-02c450 BCRA set with extra black and white tiles Calibrated for reflectance @ 45:0c bidirectional geometry, 380-720 nm BCRA-14-02u BCRA set with extra black and white tiles Uncalibrated
Individual Color Standards
If you wish to assure an instrument stays within calibration but do not have the time it takes to run a full set of CERAM standards, it is suggested that a single time with some spectral structure be used**. We have found that the best tile within the BCRA Series II set is the cyan tile. We offer this tile either calibrated or uncalibrated, made to the same specifications as the set described above. The tile is sealed in a Delrin holder and comes shipped in hinged a plastic box.	Part # Description BCRA-Cy-C Cyan BCRA Tile, Boxed Calibrated for reflectance @ 8° hemispherical Geometry, 360-830 nm BCRA-Cy-U Cyan BCRA Tile, Boxed, uncalibrated Cyan tile are also available with 45c:0 bidirectional radiance factor calibraration. Specifiy BCRA-Cy-C450
** "An Abridged Technique to Diagnose Spectrophotometric Errors" R. Berns and L. Reniff, Color Research and Application, 22, #1, 51-60 (1997)

Avian Ceramic Color Standards

Avian Technologies, in partnership with Mt. Baker Research, has developed a complete line of ceramic color transfer standards. These tiles are more fully described here, or download this PDF for a complete description, including spectral reflectance data. Mt. Baker Research has performed other analyses, including a detailed gamut analysis comparing our new tiles with the Ceram series and a few other color standards.

Basic Colors	Grey Scale and Pastel Colors	Special Colors

The chart at right shows the color distribution (CIELAB b* vs a*) of the three Avian tiles sets in comparison to the chromatic BCRA tiles. Many of the Avian tiles extend the available gamut of colors. Also note that the additional tiles span the gamut very well. In general, this more complete coverage of color space should improve results for many applications such device profiling and instrument characterization and evaluation. Click on any of the charts for a larger image.
Basic Set, chromatic tiles	Basic Set, neutral tiles
Grayscale & Pastel Set, chromatic tiles	Grayscale & Pastel Set, neutral tiles
Special Set tiles S-1 to S-8	Special Set tiles S-9 to S-16

Part #	Description
ATBC16-c8H (basic) ATGP16-c8H (grayscale) ATSC16-c8H (special)	Selected tile set calibrated for reflectance @ 8° hemispherical geometry, 360-830 nm
ATBC16-c450 (basic) ATGP16-c450 (grayscale) ATSC16-c450 (special)	Selected tile set calibrated for reflectance @ 45:0c bidirectional geometry, 380-720 nm
ATBC16-u (basic) ATGP16-u (grayscale) ATSC16-u (special)	Selected tile set Uncalibrated

Black Glass Standards

Highly polished black glass is useful as a standard for gloss, low reflectance in directional/directional geometry, and also establishing the efficiency of the 'sphere zero' in specular excluded geometry using an integrating sphere. The black glass standard is mounted in a Delrin Holder with cover to protect the optical surface. The standards come calibrated for total hemispherical reflectance in 8°/hemispherical geometry from 350-850 nm

Reflectance Wavelength Calibration Standards

Rare Earth Oxide Standards

Designed for the calibration of UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometers, wavelength calibration standards display sharp absorbance peaks over much of the UV-Vis-NIR spectral range. The mixture of REO's are chosen to give the best coverage over the wavelength range of interest. Both UV-Vis and Vis-NIR standards are available in custom sizes and configurations. Please contact Avian Technologies for pricing information.

UV-Vis Calibration Standards

A mixture of holmium and erbium oxides in an inert, durable, spectrally neutral matrix, Avian Technologies Wavelength Calibration Standards are traceable to the National Research Council Canada (NRC) and NIST. Available in 1.25" (37mm) and 2.0" (50.8mm) diameter sizes, these standards (calibrated from 250-850 nm) are ideal for the calibration of UV-Vis spectrophotometers.

Standards come in a Delrin holder with cover.

Near Infrared Calibration Standards

A mixture of dysprosium, holmium, and erbium oxides in an inert, durable, spectrally neutral matrix, Avian Technologies Wavelength Calibration Standards are traceable to the National Research Council Canada and NIST. Available in 1.25" (37 mm) and 2" (50.8") diameter sizes. These standards are ideal for calibration of Vis-NIR spectrophotometers. Standards come in a Delrin(TM) holder with cover.

Packed Powder Wavelength Calibration Standard

For detailed information on SRM-1920a, please see NIST Special Publication SP-250-48 (Spectral Reflectance).

Specular Standards

Avian Technologies offers first surface specular standards with calibrations traceable to NRC. The mirrors are first surface aluminum with a magnesium fluoride overcoat that have been aged to enhance their long term stability. Theses standards come in a protective holder and are available in either 2" (50.8 mm) square or 2" (50.8 mm) diameter sizes. Calibrations are at near-normal (8°) geometry.